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Starting January 1, 2028, counties, municipalities, and special districts must complete a written plan — developed according to standards set by the state engineer — that calculates how much water their community will need over the next 40 years before they can require a water exaction (meaning, before they can require a developer to provide water rights as a condition of approval for new construction). The plan must account for population growth, drought, climate change, conservation efforts, and per-capita water use, and a local government that lacks such a plan loses the ability to impose water exactions until it completes one.