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Under current Utah law, courts can force a losing party to pay the winner's attorney fees if the case was brought or defended in "bad faith" — a term previously linked to a separate legal definition. This bill rewrites that standard across multiple areas of Utah law, including civil lawsuits, motor vehicle accident arbitration cases, dog bite claims, and construction lien disputes. Instead of using the term "bad faith," the bill now requires courts to find that a party acted to harass, cause unreasonable delay, needlessly increase litigation costs, or abuse the judicial process before ordering attorney fee payments. The bill also raises the bar for awarding attorney fees in general civil actions by requiring courts to find both that a claim or defense is frivolous or has no reasonable basis in law or fact, and that it was brought for an improper purpose — both conditions must now be met, whereas previously the standard was simply acting without merit and not in good faith.