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When a juvenile court places a child under a permanent custody and guardianship order with the child's other parent, this bill clarifies that the non-custodial parent may petition to modify that arrangement — but only if a substantial and material change in circumstances has occurred since the order was entered, and this right applies regardless of how long ago the original order was issued. It also specifies that if a related custody or support case is already open in district court, the petition to modify must be filed there rather than in juvenile court. Parents who have had their parental rights fully terminated remain ineligible to file such a petition. This bill most directly affects parents who lost custody to their child's other parent through a juvenile court permanency order, giving them a clearer legal pathway to seek a modification if their circumstances have significantly changed.